HOA Basics: What to Know Before You Buy

(TNS)—Before signing on the dotted line for your new home, make sure you know what your homeowners association fees are and what they cover. Because most new planned communities have HOAs whether you’re buying a detached home, condo or townhome, factoring in that added cost is a necessary part of your home-buying budget.

Depending on the amenities, HOA fees can be a big bite out of the budget. Monthly fees typically range from $150 on the very low end up to $850.

What does that payment cover each month? That depends on where you live.

The most basic HOAs maintain the common areas of a community. That can be landscaping, but it can also include a recreation center, a pool and walking trails. The general rule is, the more amenities, the higher the fees. Some high-end condominium complexes have everything from concierges to 24-hour security as well as fitness centers, spas, saunas and conference rooms.

Associations in a condominium or townhome complex will cover most things outside the individual units, such as the roof, paint, elevators, heating and air conditioning in common areas, and pest control. The HOA should also have insurance for the exterior of the building.

City services such as trash removal, water and sewage are also commonly covered by HOAs and, oftentimes, cable services will be included with the fees. The dues in planned, single-family-home communities often include security in gated communities.

In addition to maintenance and amenities, HOAs also have rules, called covenants, conditions and restrictions (CC&Rs) that all homeowners must follow. That can be anything from how many cats you can own and what color you paint your house to whether your kids can play in the street or you can have a boat in the driveway. HOAs are responsible for enforcing these rules and often pay a professional property management company to communicate with the homeowners and make sure everyone is in compliance. Property management companies are also responsible for the community’s day-to-day operations and maintenance.

Be aware that HOAs are able to levy special assessments for major repairs, if needed.

Before buying a home, research these three key elements:

Financial Health of the HOA
Make sure the HOA is properly funded. Request a copy of financials available to homeowners. Check out how often dues have been increased over the years.